Loyola University Chicago’s sesquicentennial celebration runs from January 2020 through Commencement Week, May 10-14, 2021. Across our schools, campuses, departments, and disciplines, the Loyola community will come together over these 18 months in lectures, events, and exhibits to reflect upon the ways Loyola has made a lasting impact on the.

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Contents.Origins In 1150 the future University of Paris was a student-teacher corporation operating as an annex of the Notre-Dame. The earliest historical reference to it is found in ' reference to the studies of his own teacher (an abbot of St. Albans) and his acceptance into 'the fellowship of the elect Masters' there in about 1170, and it is known that completed his studies there in 1182 at the age of 21.The corporation was formally recognised as an ' ' in an edict by King in 1200: in it, among other accommodations granted to future students, he allowed the corporation to operate under ecclesiastic law which would be governed by the elders of the Notre-Dame Cathedral school, and assured all those completing courses there that they would be granted a diploma.The university had four:, Medicine, Law, and Theology. The Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank, but also the largest, as students had to graduate there in order to be admitted to one of the higher faculties. The students were divided into four according to language or regional origin: France, Normandy, Picardy, and England. The last came to be known as the Alemannian (German) nation. Recruitment to each nation was wider than the names might imply: the English-German nation included students from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.The faculty and nation system of the University of Paris (along with that of the University of Bologna) became the model for all later medieval universities.

Under the governance of the Church, students wore robes and shaved the tops of their heads in, to signify they were under the protection of the church. Students followed the rules and laws of the Church and were not subject to the king's laws or courts. This presented problems for the city of Paris, as students ran wild, and its official had to appeal to Church courts for justice. Students were often very young, entering the school at 13 or 14 years of age and staying for six to 12 years.12th century: Organization. Meeting of doctors at the University of Paris.

From a 16th-century miniature.In 1200, issued a diploma 'for the security of the scholars of Paris,' which affirmed that students were subject only to ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The provost and other officers were forbidden to arrest a student for any offence, unless to transfer him to ecclesiastical authority. The king's officers could not intervene with any member unless having a mandate from an ecclesiastical authority. His action followed a violent incident between students and officers outside the city walls at a pub.In 1215, the Apostolic legate, issued new rules governing who could become a professor.

To teach the arts, a candidate had to be at least twenty-one, to have studied these arts at least six years, and to take an engagement as professor for at least two years. For a chair in theology, the candidate had to be thirty years of age, with eight years of theological studies, of which the last three years were devoted to special courses of lectures in preparation for the mastership. These studies had to be made in the local schools under the direction of a master. In Paris, one was regarded as a scholar only by studies with particular masters. Lastly, purity of morals was as important as reading. The licence was granted, according to custom, gratuitously, without oath or condition.

Masters and students were permitted to unite, even by oath, in defence of their rights, when they could not otherwise obtain justice in serious matters. No mention is made either of law or of medicine, probably because these sciences were less prominent. Main article:The 'nations' appeared in the second half of the twelfth century. They were mentioned in the Bull of in 1222. Later, they formed a distinct body. By 1249, the four nations existed with their procurators, their rights (more or less well-defined), and their keen rivalries: the nations were the French, English, Normans, and Picards.

After the Hundred Years' War, the English nation was replaced by the Germanic. The four nations constituted the.The territories covered by the four nations were:.

French nation: all the parts of Europe except those included within the Norman and Picard nations. English nation (renamed 'German nation' after the ): the, the parts of continental Europe (except those included within the Picard nation), and the parts of Europe. The majority of students within that nation came from Germany and Scotland, and when it was renamed 'German nation' it was also sometimes called natio Germanorum et Scotorum ('nation of the Germans and Scots').

Norman nation: the, which corresponded approximately to the. This was a Romance-speaking territory, but it was not included within the French nation.

Picard nation: the Romance-speaking of, and; the bilingual (Romance and Germanic-speaking) bishoprics of, and; a large part of the bilingual bishopric of; and the southernmost part of the Germanic-speaking bishopric of (the part of that bishopric located south of the; the rest of the bishopric north of the Meuse River belonged to the English nation). It was estimated that about half of the students in the Picard nation were Romance-speakers ( and ), and the other half were Germanic-speakers (, and dialects).Faculties To classify professors' knowledge, the schools of Paris gradually divided into faculties. Professors of the same science were brought into closer contact until the community of rights and interests cemented the union and made them distinct groups. The faculty of medicine seems to have been the last to form. But the four faculties were already formally established by 1254, when the university described in a letter 'theology, jurisprudence, medicine, and rational, natural, and moral philosophy'. The masters of theology often set the example for the other faculties—e.g., they were the first to adopt an official seal.The faculties of theology, canon law, and medicine, were called 'superior faculties'.

The title of ' as designating the head of a faculty, came into use by 1268 in the faculties of law and medicine, and by 1296 in the faculty of theology. It seems that at first the deans were the oldest masters. The faculty of arts continued to have four procurators of its four nations and its head was the rector. As the faculties became more fully organized, the division into four nations partially disappeared for theology, law and medicine, though it continued in arts. Eventually the superior faculties included only doctors, leaving the bachelors to the faculty of arts.

At this period, therefore, the university had two principal, the and the doctorate. It was not until much later that the and the became intermediate degrees.Colleges. See also: Alumni As of October 2019, the university counts, placing it in 14th position globally, and 2nd outside of the English-speaking world. The Sorbonne has taught 11, almost 50 French heads of government, 2 Popes, as well as many other political and social figures. The Sorbonne has also educated leaders of Albania, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Gabon, Guinea, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Tunisia and Niger among others.List of Nobel Prize winners that had attended the University of Paris or one of its thirteen successors.

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