Researchers in Canada have created a new type of supersoldier ant by activating genetic material from long-dead forms of life.

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The team, led by professor Ehab Abouheif of the Department of Biology at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, were studying ants from the genus pheidole. There are nearly 1,200 diferent species within the genus and eight produce so-called 'supersoldier' ants – which sport outsized jaws that are used to protect their colony.

Go ahead ant, make my day (source: Alex Wild/alexanderwild.com)

Ants can grow from larvae into many different bodily types, including soldiers, workers, or queens, depending on how they are fed and raised within the colony. The team analyzed the genetic structure of the supersoldiers and found the mechanism for their growth, a juvenile hormone.

When the team applied the hormone to larvae from these species, they found it easy to create the super soldiers. The surprise came when they tried a similar technique with species that don’t normally produce such heavy soldiers. They found that they could still create supersoldiers in these species, by activating genotypes from a common ancestor of the pheidole genus.

I, for one, welcome our new insect overlords (source: Alex Wild/alexanderwild.com)

“You have this high-end development potential that is dormant,” professor Abouheif told The Register. “These ancestral traits, known since time of Darwin, occur all over the natural world. They can remain locked in place for million of years, but when prodded by the environment they can be released and natural section can take them forward.”

American biologist William Morton Wheeler postulated that environment could stimulate the production of these genetic throwbacks, but this latest work opens up a new route into advanced genetic manipulation of organisms. Professor Abouheif suggested that whole new ranges of plants and animals could be engineered by using the technique to activate dormant physical traits.

For example, the aurochs – the massive ancestor to modern cattle that was hunted to extinction by the 1600s – may be recreatable by examining a cow’s genome and finding a way to activate the processes that would cause the much larger and more aggressive aurochs to develop.

In the plant world too, crops could be subjected to environmental and chemical stressing to see if the dormant genotypes could be activated. This could usher in new crops that can better deal with current conditions – not to mention changing conditions as climate change wreaks its havoc. ®

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Related Content.To arrive at these findings, entomologists Fredrick Larabee and Andrew Suarez at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign turned to ferocious ant predators known as antlions.The acrobatic battle begins with an ant’s fatal misstep. What appears to be a small indention in the sandy terrain is actually a death trap: a steep-walled pit engineered to funnel the ant to its doom.

Lying concealed at the bottom is a real-life sarlacc, the antlion. Its hairy, bulbous body tapers into a low-hanging, beady-eyed head that is seemingly weighed down by two massive spiked mandibles. Those mandibles peak out of the sand like a bear trap, ready to snap shut around a hapless victim.Once in the trap, an ant will inevitably try to clamber out, oftentimes to no avail. The sandy walls collapse beneath it, and each step forward leads to two steps back. If the ant seems to be making headway, the antlion will hurl sand at its victim from below, further destabilizing the pit walls and causing the ant to topple to the bottom. The antlion’s jaws snap, latching onto the struggling ant and pulling it down until the insect disappears from view.Based on the 2006 findings, Larabee and Suarez suspected that trap-jaw ants could sometimes escape this scenario specifically with the help of their jaws. They collected trap-jaw ants and antlions from the field in central Florida.

They allowed the antlions to dig new pits in containers in the lab and starved them for 48 hours, ensuring the predators would be primed for an ant meal. Then they introduced 114 trap-jaw ants individually into the antlion arena and tallied up the results of the encounters.The fearsome antlion, exposed. Photo: Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures/CorbisTrap-jaw ants fell victim to antlions about one-third of the time. About half of the escapees made it by running out of the pits.

In 15 percent of the encounters, however, the ants did indeed summersault away by snapping their jaws against the bottom or side of the pit. The ants only used this tactic after the antlion had made itself known in a failed attack, indicating that it might be a last-ditch emergency escape method. The jaw jumps also only worked part of the time—the willy-nilly launches sometimes caused the ants to fall back down into the bottom of the pit, and many jaw-jumping attempts failed to hit the hot spot necessary for propelling the ants to safely.Still, the jaw-jumping trick does seem to make a significant difference. The researchers glued 76 ants’ mandibles together, preventing them from using their jaws to jump. Ants with unrestrained jaws were almost five times more likely to escape the antlion pit than those that were hindered by glue.While trap-jaw ants evolved their strong mandibles primarily to hunt prey and carry objects, the researchers think the spring-loaded jumps represent an example of a species coopting its physical assets for alternative purposes. While not all trap-jaw ants have been observed using this behavioral hack, for some species, at least, the clever adaptation can mean the difference between life and a terrifying subterranean death.In this video Larabee and Suarez produced, you can see the summersaulting drama play out. Transport giant tycoon games.